Wednesday, January 30, 2008

ISLAM NUSANTARA

ISLAM NUSANTARA IN IMAGES

Humankind and life


A madrassa teacher with his pupils. Ustadz, Educate shalihah they become women.
The disciples of a madrassa in Bogor. May they be women shalihah
A veiled young mother and her child
Prayers at the mosque Palace Kasepuhan, Cirebon



Muslim worker
in an office
Ocean veil in a demonstration KAMMI (Joint Action of Indonesian Muslim Students)
Middle Muslim candidates winning lead an old man
The mood in the camp pesantren lightning activity




CULTURAL ARTS AND ARCHITECTURE


A scene in the movie
Fathahillah
Kasepuhan mosque gate Keraton Cirebon
Keraton Cirebon Kasepuhan Mosque which was built in 1480 AD
Cilimus Great Mosque, West Java, Mount Ciremai background


Baiturrahman Mosque, Aceh




INDAHNYA NUSANTARA

Friday, January 25, 2008

Trademark status

Trademark status
Most dictionary definitions[6] and common usages of the term are generic and not limited to the characters of any particular company or companies.

Nevertheless, variations on the term "Super Hero" are jointly claimed by DC Comics and Marvel Comics as trademarks. Registrations of "Super Hero" marks have been maintained by DC and Marvel since the 1960s.[7] (U.S. Trademark Serial Nos. 72243225 and 73222079, among others).

Joint trademarks shared by competitors are rare in the United States.[8] They are supported by a non-precedential 2003 Trademark Trial and Appeal Board decision upholding the "Swiss Army" knife trademark. Like the "Super Hero" marks, the "Swiss Army" mark was jointly registered by competitors. It was upheld on the basis that the registrants jointly "represent a single source" of the knives, due to their long-standing cooperation for quality control.[9]

Critics in the legal community dispute whether the "Super Hero" marks meet the legal standard for trademark protection in the United States-distinctive designation of a single source of a product or service. Controversy exists over each element of that standard: whether "Super Hero" is distinctive rather than generic, whether "Super Hero" designates a source of products or services, and whether DC and Marvel jointly represent a single source.[10] Some critics further characterize the marks as a misuse of trademark law to chill competition.[11]

America's Best Comics, originally an imprint of Wildstorm, used the term science hero, coined by Alan Moore.

REALITY ISLAM IN INDONESIA

REALITY ISLAM IN INDONESIA


Reality This page contains a variety of fact anything about Islam in Indonesia. Does the fact that encouraging
or just a sad and pitiful. You can participate in a Reality by sending articles
relevant, authentic sources of news and content does not provoke divisions ummah, and is made in two versions, Indonesian and English.

The condition of Islam in Indonesia
People, Return To Islam
Fundamental issues Bangsa Indonesia
Tragedy Tanjung Priok, Jakarta, 1984
The tragedy of Lampung, 1989
The tragedy in Aceh
Islamic cornered conspiracy

Sunday, January 20, 2008

FIGURE-ISLAM INDONESIA LEADING CHARACTERS

FIGURE-ISLAM INDONESIA LEADING CHARACTERS


Since the first time Islam arrived in the archipelago, God has given birth to great figures, scholars, intellectuals,
lord of war, and leaders who contributed to this country. They fought with all his knowledge, energy and
ability to progress and benefits of Islamic ummah. Very much having to write one by one,
therefore, listed on this page is only a small portion of them.

The first preacher in the archipelago
Fathahillah (Fadhillah Khan Al-Pasai)
Nuruddin Ar-Raniri
Shaykh Yusuf Makassar
Diponegoro
Tuanku Imam Bonjol
Teuku Umar
Shaykh Al-Nawawi Bantani
Shaykh Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau
Sheikh Hashim Asy'ari
Oemar Said Cokroaminoto
K.H. Ahmad Dahlan
K.H. A. Hassan
Buya HAMKA
Muhammad Natsir
Muhammad Amien Rais
The plan, in sha 'Allah, the figures above will be equipped with individual biographies. Currently in
preparation and data search. For those of you who have their biographies and want to participate, please contact is-nu.

Tuesday, January 15, 2008

history of Islam in Indonesia

With the native population into Islam Nusantara and the establishment of Islamic governments in various regions of this archipelago, the trade with the Muslims from the center of the Islamic world became increasingly tight. Arabs who migrated to the archipelago are also more and more. The largest of which is derived from Hadramaut, Yemen. In Tarikh Hadramaut, migration is even said to be the largest in the history of Hadramaut. But after the European nations and the Christians came rakusnya-controlled areas in the archipelago by area, the relationship with the center of the Islamic world as if broken. Especially in the 17th century and 18th century CE. The reason, apart from the Muslims archipelago occupied by the resistance against colonialism, as well as various regulations created by the colonialists. Each time the colonists - mainly Dutch - lowered the Islamic kingdom in the archipelago, they must have passed the agreement whose contents are related to the royal ban trade with the outside world except through them. Then disconnect the Muslims with Muslim archipelago of other nations that have established hundreds of years. Colonialists desire to keep Muslims archipelago with its roots, is also seen from those who make policy merging of the indigenous Arabs.

Since the beginning of the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th century AD to the fertile islands of this prosperous, it has seen their gluttony to master. Moreover, they discovered that these islanders have embraced Islam, the religion of their enemies, so that the spirit of the Crusades was always carried around each time they lowered a region. In their fight against Islam in cooperation with indigenous kingdoms are still adhered to Hindu / Buddhist. One example, cruise lines to decide the Muslims, then after mastering Malacca in 1511, the Portuguese establish cooperation with the Kingdom of Sunda Pajajaran to build a base in Sunda Kelapa. But the purpose of this Portuguese failed miserably after the combined armies of Islam from the north along the coast of Java Island demolish them shoulder to shoulder in the year 1527 AD Of a historic battle was led by a son of Arab blood Aceh Gujarat, namely Fadhilah Khan al-Pasai, which is more famous for his title, Fathahillah. Before becoming an important person in the three Islamic kingdom of Java, namely Demak, Cirebon and Banten, Fathahillah had studied in Mecca. Even the participate defend Mecca of the Ottoman Turkish invasion.

The arrival of the colonialists on the one side has raised the spirit of jihad of the Muslims archipelago, but on the other side make the deepening of Islamic theology uneven. Only among boarding schools (madrassas) are deeply Islamic, and even then are usually limited to the Shafi'i school. While in most of the Muslims, there is mixing faith with pre-Islamic traditions. Priyayi circles close to the Dutch in fact been infected with the European lifestyle. This condition is still happening at least until now. Apart from this, Nusantara scholars are those who persevere against colonialism. Although many of them drawn from the congregation, but this is precisely the congregation who often rose against the invaders. And although in the end of each resistance is successfully suppressed by devious tactics, but history has recorded millions of martyrs who died in the archipelago various battles against the Dutch. Since the resistance of Islamic empires in the 16th and 17th centuries such as Malacca (Malaysia), Sulu (Philippines), Pasai, Banten, Sunda Kelapa, Makassar, Ternate, until the resistance of the scholars in the 18th century such as the War of Cirebon (Good raryin), Java War (Diponegoro), Padri War (Imam Bonjol), and the War in Aceh (Teuku Umar).

Thursday, January 10, 2008

HISTORY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA

HISTORY OF ISLAM IN INDONESIA


In the year 30 Hijri or 651 AD, only about 20 years ago from the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Caliph Uthman ibn Affan RA sends delegation to China to introduce Islamic Daula recently stood. In the journey which took four years, the delegates turned out to Uthman had stopped in the archipelago. A few years later, in 674 AD, the Umayyad dynasty had established trading stations on the west coast of Sumatra. This is the first encounter with the Islamic population of Indonesia. Since then the Muslim sailors and traders continued to arrive, century after century. They buy the produce of the land is green while preaching.

Indigenous population gradually began to embrace Islam, although not massive. Aceh, the westernmost region of the archipelago, was the first to accept Islam. Even in Acehlah first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia was established, namely Pasai. News from Marcopolo mention that at the time of the year persinggahannya in Pasai 692 H / 1292 AD, has a lot of Arabs who spread Islam. So did news of Ibn Battuthah, Muslim pilgrims from the Maghreb., Which when dropped in Aceh year 746 AH / 1345 AD writes that in Aceh has spread Shafi. The oldest relic of Muslims found in Indonesia are in Gresik, East Java. Islamic tomb complex form, which one of them is the tomb of a Muslim named Fatima bint Maimun. Numbers written on his tomb in 475 AH / 1082 AD, ie in the era of Singasari Kingdom. It is estimated that these tombs are not from the natives, but the tomb of Arab traders.

Until the 8th century AH / 14 M, had no indigenous population Nusantara pengislaman massive. New in the 9th century H / 14 AD, the indigenous population to embrace Islam en masse. The experts argued that the history of Islam in Nusantara population heavily in the century when it caused the Muslims already have a significant political force. Is marked by the establishment of several Islamic kingdoms such as the design of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, Malacca, Demak, Cirebon, and Ternate. The rulers of these kingdoms of mixed blood, descendants of native kings of pre-Islamic and Arab migrants. The rapid Islamization in the seventh century AD

Saturday, January 5, 2008

The 21st century

The 21st century
[[File:Islam by country.svg|250px|thumb|right|Islam in the world.(Green: Sunni, Red: Shia]]

[edit] Islam in Turkey
Main articles: Islam in Turkey and Secularism in Turkey
Since the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, there has been a strong tradition of secularism in Turkey established and institutionalized by Atatürk's Reforms. Although the First Grand National Assembly of Turkey had rallied support from the population for the Independence War against the occupying forces on behalf of Islamic principles, Islam was gradually omitted from the public sphere after the Independence War. The principle of secularism was thus inserted in the Turkish Constitution as late as 1937. This legal action was assisted by stringent state policies against domestic Islamist groups and establishments to neutralize the strong appeal of Islam in Turkish society. Even though an overwhelming majority of the population, at least nominally, adheres to Islam in Turkey; the state, which was established with the Kemalist ideology has no official religion nor promotes any and it actively monitors the area between the religions using the Presidency of Religious Affairs. The Republic Protests were a series of peaceful mass rallies by Turkish secular citizens that took place in Turkey in 2007. The target of the first protest was the possible presidential candidacy of the Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, afraid that if elected President of Turkey Erdoğan would alter the Turkish secularist state [39]

Tuesday, January 1, 2008

Two Iranian revolutions

[edit] Two Iranian revolutions
The Iranian Constitutional Revolution took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution marked the beginning of the end of Iran's feudalistic society and led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia and restriction of the power of Shah (king). The first constitution of Iran was approved. But after the final victory of revolutionaries over Shah, the modernist and conservative blocks began to fight with each other. Then World War I took place and all of the combatants invaded Iran and weakened the government and threatened the independence of Iran. The system of constitutional monarchy created by the decree of Mozzafar al-Din Shah that was established in Persia as a result of the Revolution was weakened in 1925 with the dissolution of the Qajar dynasty and the ascension of Reza Shah Pahlavi to the throne.

In 1979 the Iranian Revolution (also called "The Islamic Revolution" ) transformed Iran from a constitutional monarchy, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to a populist theocratic Islamic republic under the rule of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a Shi`i Muslim cleric and marja. Following the Revolution, an Iranian referendum established the Islamic republic as a new government, and a new constitution was approved, electing Ruhollah Khomeini Supreme Leader of Iran. During the following two years, liberals, leftists, and Islamic groups fought with each other, and ultimately Islamics captured power. At the same time, the U.S., USSR, and most of the Arab governments of the Middle East feared that their dominance in the region was challenged by the new Islamic ideology, so they encouraged and supported Saddam Hussein to invade Iran, which resulted in the Iran-Iraq war.